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On One Page

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Gene |

Product(s) |

Expression|

Evolution |

References |

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Standard Name	galE
Gene Synonym(s)	ECK0748, b0759, JW0742, galD^[1], galD
Product Desc.	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase^[2]^[3]; Component of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase^[2]^[3] UDP-galactose 4-epimerase; hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase^[4]
Product Synonyms(s)	UDP-galactose-4-epimerase^[1], B0759^[2]^[1], GalD^[2]^[1], GalE^[2]^[1] , ECK0748, galD, JW0742, b0759
Function from GO	<GO_nr />
Knock-Out Phenotype
Regulation/Expression	transcription unit(s): galETKM^[2], OP00032, galETK
Regulation/Activity
Quick Links
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Notes

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Gene

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Nomenclature

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See Help:Gene_nomenclature for help with entering information in the Gene Nomenclature table.

Standard name	galE
Mnemonic	Galactose
Synonyms	ECK0748, b0759, JW0742, galD^[1], galD
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Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

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<protect> See Help:Gene_location for help entering information in the Gene Location and DNA sequence table.

Strain	Map location	Genome coordinates	Genome browsers	Sequence links
MG1655	17.03 minutes	MG1655: 791278..790262 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:790262..791278 source=MG1655 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	EcoCyc GBrowse(MG1655)	FASTA Dump EcoCyc Sequence Dump
REL606		NC_012967: 772684..771668 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012967:771668..772684 source=REL606 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (REL606)	FASTA Dump
BW2952		NC_012759: 693230..694246 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012759:693230..694246 source=BW2952 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (BW2952)	FASTA Dump
W3110		W3110: 792477..791461 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_007779:791461..792477 source=W3110 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(W3110)	FASTA Dump
DH10B		DH10B: 845206..844190 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_010473:844190..845206 source=DH10B preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(DH10B)	FASTA Dump
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Notes

Sequence Features

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See Help:Gene_sequence_features for help in entering sequence features in EcoliWiki.

Feature Type	Strain	Genomic Location	Evidence	Reference	Notes
Coding Start (SO:0000323)	MG1655	790262	Edman degradation	PMID:4613352 PMID:9119048
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Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

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See Help:Gene_alleles for how to enter or edit alleles and phenotypes in EcoliWiki.

Allele	Nt change(s)	AA change(s)	Phenotype: Description	Reference	Availability	Comments
Strain DH10B		S123F	Nonsynonomous mutation	PMID:18245285	ASAP	This is a SNP in E. coli K-12 Strain DH10B
ΔgalE (Keio:JW0742)	deletion	deletion		PMID:16738554	Shigen CGSC8297^[5]
galE::Tn5KAN-2 (FB20233)	Insertion at nt 824 in Minus orientation			PMID:15262929	E. coli Genome Project:FB20233	does not contain pKD46
galE45(GalS)					CGSC:5966
galE9(GalS)				PMID:16590575	CGSC:6049
galE28(GalS)					CGSC:6277
galE15(GalS)					CGSC:7813
galE54(GalS)					CGSC:10207
galE66(GalS)					CGSC:11910
galE9999(GalS)					CGSC:28805
galE537(GalS)::Tn10					CGSC:46686
ΔgalE740::kan				PMID:16738554	CGSC:99699
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Notes

Genetic Interactions

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Interactor	Interaction	Allele	Score(s)	Reference(s)	Accessions	Notes
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Notes

Genetic Resources

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See Help:Gene_resources for help entering information into the Genetic Resources table.

Resource	Resource Type	Source	Notes/Reference
JW0742	Plasmid clone	Shigen	PMID:16769691 Status:Clone OK Primer 1:GCCAGAGTTCTGGTTACCGGTGG Primer 2:CCATCGGGATATCCCTGTGGATG
4H1	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
nadA57::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG12147 = CGSC7351^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 69% ^[6]
zbh-29::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG18493 = CGSC7353^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 30% ^[6] Synonyms:zbi-29::Tn10
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:945354	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0357	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002575	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Product(s)

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Nomenclature

See Help:Product_nomenclature for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Standard name	GalE
Synonyms	UDP-galactose-4-epimerase^[1], B0759^[2]^[1], GalD^[2]^[1], GalE^[2]^[1] , ECK0748, galD, JW0742, b0759
Product description	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase^[2]^[3]; Component of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase^[2]^[3] UDP-galactose 4-epimerase; hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase^[4]
EC number (for enzymes)	5.1.3.2^[1]
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Notes

Function

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<protect> Gene Ontology
See Help:Gene_ontology for help entering or editing GO terms and GO annotations in EcoliWiki.

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0003978	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR005886	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0003978	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity	GOA:spec GO_REF:0000003	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	EC:5.1.3.2	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005829	cytosol	PMID:16858726	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0006012	galactose metabolic process	PMID:13914787	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0006012	galactose metabolic process	PMID:7025059	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P		complete
	GO:0005975	carbohydrate metabolic process	PMID:7025059	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype		P		complete
	GO:0016052	carbohydrate catabolic process	PMID:7025059	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction		P		Missing: with/from
	GO:0016857	racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives	PMID:1821806	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		F		complete
	GO:0006012	galactose metabolic process	PMID:1821806	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		P		complete
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	PMID:1821806	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay		C		complete
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Interactions See Help:Product_interactions for help entering or editing information about gene product interactions in this section of EcoliWiki.

Partner Type	Partner	Notes	References	Evidence
Protein	Subunits of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase	could be indirect
Protein	rsuA		PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1137880
Protein	yfcH		PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1137880
Protein	nadE		PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1137880
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Notes

Localization

See Help:Product_localization for how to add or edit information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Compartment	Description	Evidence	Reference/Source	Notes
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Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

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<protect> Physical Properties See Help:Product_physical_properties for help entering or editing information about the physical properties of this gene product.

Name
Sequence	at EcoCyc MRVLVTGGSG YIGSHTCVQL LQNGHDVIIL DNLCNSKRSV LPVIERLGGK HPTFVEGDIR NEALMTEILH DHAIDTVIHF AGLKAVGESV QKPLEYYDNN VNGTLRLISA MRAANVKNFI FSSSATVYGD QPKIPYVESF PTGTPQSPYG KSKLMVEQIL TDLQKAQPDW SIALLRYFNP VGAHPSGDMG EDPQGIPNNL MPYIAQVAVG RRDSLAIFGN DYPTEDGTGV RDYIHVMDLA DGHVVAMEKL ANKPGVHIYN LGAGVGNSVL DVVNAFSKAC GKPVNYHFAP RREGDLPAYW ADASKADREL NWRVTRTLDE MAQDTWHWQS RHPQGYPD
Length	338
Mol. Wt	37.264 kDa
pI	6.3 (calculated)
Extinction coefficient	48,360 - 48,735 (calc based on 14 Y, 5 W, and 3 C residues)
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Domains/Motifs/Modification Sites

See Help:Product_domains_motifs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Residues	Description	Notes	References
Domain	3..262	PF01370 NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family		PMID:19920124
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<motif_map/>

Structure
See Help:Product_structure for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Structures

<beststructure> gene=galE taxon=562,83333 </beststructure>

Models

View models at:

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Structure figures

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Notes

Gene Product Resources

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See Help:Product_resources for help with entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource type	Source	Notes/Reference
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GI:49176045	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:945354	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002575	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
UniProt (EcoliWiki Page)	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P09147	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Gene) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:945354	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0357	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Expression

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Overview

This is a placeholder for a summary statement on how expression of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Cellular Levels

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See Help:Cellular levels

Molecule	Organism or Strain	Value	Units	Experimental Conditions	Assay used	Reference(s)
Protein	E. coli K-12 MC4100	3.92E+02	molecules/cell	Medium: median data from rich and minimal media Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): Growth Rate(min): Growth phase: other:	emPAI	PMID:18304323
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	1734	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	728	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Minimal Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	773	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete without Methionine Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
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Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

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See Help:Expression_transcription for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Transcription unit(s)
galETKM
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Figure courtesy of RegulonDB

</protect>

Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how transcription of this gene is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Repressed by galR or galS. Activated by CAP-cAMP. See article on galETKM.

Translation and Regulation of Translation

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<protect><gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:791258..791298 source=MG1655 flip=1 type=Gene+DNA_+Protein preset=Nterminus </gbrowseImage> This picture shows the sequence around the N-terminus.

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how translation of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about turnover of this gene product. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Experimental

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<protect> Mutations Affecting Expression See Help:Expression_mutations for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Allele Name	Mutation	Phenotype	Reference
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Expression Studies See Help:Expression_studies for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Reference	Notes
microarray	GEO Profiles:b0759 (EcoliWiki Page)	NCBI GEO profiles for galE
microarray	GenExpDB:b0759 (EcoliWiki Page)	Summary of data for galE from multiple microarray studies
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Expression Resources See Help:Expression_resources for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource Name	Resource Type	Description	Source	Notes
	GFP Fusion	Intergenic region (791200..791605) fused to gfpmut2.	OpenBioSystems	GFP fusion described in Zaslaver, et al. Plate:109-AZ03; Well:A11^[7]
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Notes

Accessions Related to galE Expression

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0357	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoliGenExpDB (EcoliWiki Page)	EcoliGenExpDB:b0759
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002575	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Evolution

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Homologs in Other Organisms

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See Help:Evolution_homologs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Organism	Homologs (Statistics)	Comments
Anopheles gambiae	ENSANGP00000016575 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%) ENSANGP00000005081 (score: 0.129)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Apis mellifera	ENSAPMP00000017745 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Arabidopsis thaliana	AT4G10960 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 99%) AT4G23920 (score: 0.754) AT1G64440 (score: 0.611) AT1G12780 (score: 0.325) AT1G63180 (score: 0.310)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Bos taurus	ENSBTAP00000006586 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Caenorhabditis briggsae	WBGene00029822 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Caenorhabditis elegans	WBGene00008132 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Canis familiaris	ENSCAFP00000019408 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Ciona intestinalis	ENSCINP00000014637 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 78%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Dictyostelium discoideum	DDB0231575 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Drosophila melanogaster	FBgn0035147 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Drosophila pseudoobscura	GA11351-PA (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Gallus gallus	ENSGALP00000006431 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Homo sapiens	ENSP00000313026 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Macaca mulatta	ENSMMUP00000025680 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Monodelphis domestica	ENSMODP00000016112 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Mus musculus	MGI:1921496 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Oryza gramene	Q6ZDJ7 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 99%) Q8H931 (score: 0.987) Q6K2E1 (score: 0.552) Q58IJ5 (score: 0.522) Q8LNZ3 (score: 0.403) Q7XZQ2 (score: 0.403) Q58IJ6 (score: 0.392) Q652A8 (score: 0.176) Q58IJ7 (score: 0.171) Q8H0B7 (score: 0.167)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Pan troglodytes	ENSPTRP00000000588 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Rattus norvegicus	ENSRNOP00000013322 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	YBR019C (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Schizosaccharomyces pombe	SPBC3654c (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%) SPBPB2B22c (score: 0.132)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Takifugu rubripes	NEWSINFRUP00000136988 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Tetraodon nigroviridis	GSTENP00031357001 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Xenopus tropicalis	ENSXETP00000002548 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Shigella flexneri	GALE	From SHIGELLACYC
E. coli O157	GALE	From ECOO157CYC
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Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF01370 NAD dependent epimerase/dehydratase family
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:51735
Panther (EcoliWiki Page)	PTHR10366:SF39
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10362	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0357	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002575	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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References

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See Help:References for how to manage references in EcoliWiki.

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 Riley, M. et al. (2006) Nucleic Acids Res 34:1-6 (corrected supplemental data from B. Wanner)
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 EcoCyc (release 10.6; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 EcoCyc (release 11.1; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 EcoGene: Rudd, KE (2000) EcoGene: a genome sequence database for Escherichia coli K-12. Nucleic Acids Res 28:60-4.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 CGSC: The Coli Genetics Stock Center
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 The Tn10 insertion sites determined by Nichols et al. 1998 (PMID:9829956) were reannotated by alignment with E. coli K-12 genome sequence (GenBank accession NC_000913). P1 contransduction frequencies were calculated using the formula of Wu (PMID:5338813).
↑ Zaslaver, A et al. (2006) A comprehensive library of fluorescent transcriptional reporters for Escherichia coli. Nat. Methods 3 623-8 PubMed

galE:On One Page

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Notes

Gene

Nomenclature

Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

Notes

Sequence Features

Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

Notes

Genetic Interactions

Notes

Genetic Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Product(s)

Nomenclature

Notes

Function

Notes

Localization

Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

Structure figures

Notes

Gene Product Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Expression

Overview

Cellular Levels

Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

Notes

Translation and Regulation of Translation

Notes

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

Notes

Experimental

Notes

Accessions Related to galE Expression

Notes

Links

Evolution

Homologs in Other Organisms

Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

Notes

Links

References

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