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On One Page

Quickview |

Gene |

Product(s) |

Expression|

Evolution |

References |

Quickview

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Standard Name	relA
Gene Synonym(s)	ECK2778, b2784, JW2755, RC^[1], RC
Product Desc.	RELA^[2]^[3] ATP:GTP 3'-pyrophosphotransferase, ppGpp synthetase I; required for ppGpp synthesis during stringent response to amino acid starvation; self regulated^[4]
Product Synonyms(s)	(p)ppGpp synthetase I/GTP pyrophosphokinase^[1], B2784^[2]^[1], RelA^[2]^[1], ppGpp synthase I^[2]^[1] , ECK2778, JW2755, RC, b2784
Function from GO	<GO_nr />
Knock-Out Phenotype
Regulation/Expression	transcription unit(s): relA-mazEF^[2]^[3], relA-chpRA, chpA
Regulation/Activity
Quick Links
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Notes

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RelA has two physically and functionally distinct domains, the N-terminal domain, amino acids 1 to 455, is responsible for (p)ppGpp synthesis, and the C-terminal domain, amino acids 456 to 744, is responsible for self regulation.^[4]

Gene

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Nomenclature

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See Help:Gene_nomenclature for help with entering information in the Gene Nomenclature table.

Standard name	relA
Mnemonic	Relaxed
Synonyms	ECK2778, b2784, JW2755, RC^[1], RC
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Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

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<protect> See Help:Gene_location for help entering information in the Gene Location and DNA sequence table.

Strain	Map location	Genome coordinates	Genome browsers	Sequence links
MG1655	62.71 minutes	MG1655: 2911673..2909439 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:2909439..2911673 source=MG1655 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	EcoCyc GBrowse(MG1655)	FASTA Dump EcoCyc Sequence Dump
REL606		NC_012967: 2802579..2800345 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012967:2800345..2802579 source=REL606 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (REL606)	FASTA Dump
BW2952		NC_012759: 2795251..2797257 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012759:2795251..2797257 source=BW2952 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (BW2952)	FASTA Dump
BW2952		NC_012759: 2798546..2798821 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012759:2798546..2798821 source=BW2952 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (BW2952)	FASTA Dump
W3110		W3110: 2912307..2910073 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_007779:2910073..2912307 source=W3110 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(W3110)	FASTA Dump
DH10B		DH10B: 3005551..3001981 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_010473:3001981..3005551 source=DH10B preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(DH10B)	FASTA Dump
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Notes

Sequence Features

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See Help:Gene_sequence_features for help in entering sequence features in EcoliWiki.

Feature Type	Strain	Genomic Location	Evidence	Reference	Notes
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Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

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See Help:Gene_alleles for how to enter or edit alleles and phenotypes in EcoliWiki.

Allele	Nt change(s)	AA change(s)	Phenotype: Type	Phenotype: Description	Reference	Availability	Comments
ΔrelA (Keio:JW2755)	deletion	deletion			PMID:16738554	Shigen CGSC10159^[5]
relA::Tn5KAN-I-SceI (FB20926)	Insertion at nt 195 in Minus orientation				PMID:15262929	E. coli Genome Project:FB20926	contains pKD46
relA1	IS2 insertion between codons 85 and 86				PMID:2556396	CGSC:4549
relA2						CGSC:5370
relA0						CGSC:6052
relA41						CGSC:12141
relA42						CGSC:12143
ΔrelA782::kan					PMID:16738554	CGSC:102636
crp ^- relA⁺			Resistant to	Deficient mutants in relA backgroumd, were found to be resistant to smg (serine+methionine+glycine)	PMID:230407	Experimental strain: CA8307	table 4
relA ^-			Resistant to	Near UV irradiation resistance.	PMID:783151		Figure 1
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Notes

Genetic Interactions

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Interactor	Interaction	Allele	Score(s)	Reference(s)	Accessions	Notes
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Notes

Genetic Resources

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See Help:Gene_resources for help entering information into the Genetic Resources table.

Resource	Resource Type	Source	Notes/Reference
JW2755	Plasmid clone	Shigen	PMID:16769691 Status:Clone OK Primer 1:GCCGTTGCGGTAAGAAGTGCACA Primer 2:CCACTCCCGTGCAACCGACGCGC
8B9	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
cysI95::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG12173 = CGSC7425^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 42% ^[6] Synonyms:cysC95::Tn10
fucP3072::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG12079 = CGSC7427^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 43% ^[6] Synonyms:fuc-3072::Tn10
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000826	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:947244	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0828	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0009125	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Product(s)

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Nomenclature

See Help:Product_nomenclature for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Standard name	RelA
Synonyms	(p)ppGpp synthetase I/GTP pyrophosphokinase^[1], B2784^[2]^[1], RelA^[2]^[1], ppGpp synthase I^[2]^[1] , ECK2778, JW2755, RC, b2784
Product description	RELA^[2]^[3] ATP:GTP 3'-pyrophosphotransferase, ppGpp synthetase I; required for ppGpp synthesis during stringent response to amino acid starvation; self regulated^[4]
EC number (for enzymes)	2.7.6.5^[1]
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Notes

Function

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<protect> Gene Ontology
See Help:Gene_ontology for help entering or editing GO terms and GO annotations in EcoliWiki.

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0547	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005524	ATP binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0067	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005525	GTP binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0342	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0008152	metabolic process	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR002912	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0008728	GTP diphosphokinase activity	GOA:spec GO_REF:0000003	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	EC:2.7.6.5	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0015969	guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR004811	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0015969	guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR007685	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016301	kinase activity	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0418	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016597	amino acid binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR002912	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016740	transferase activity	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0808	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
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Interactions See Help:Product_interactions for help entering or editing information about gene product interactions in this section of EcoliWiki.

Partner Type	Partner	References	Evidence
Protein	acnB	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	sxy	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	adhE	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	rpsM	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	ftnB	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	rplD	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	ais	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	slyD	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	rplS	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	yehH	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	rplB	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	aceE	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
Protein	speG	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143946
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Notes

Localization

See Help:Product_localization for how to add or edit information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Compartment	Description	Evidence	Reference/Source	Notes
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Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

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<protect> Physical Properties See Help:Product_physical_properties for help entering or editing information about the physical properties of this gene product.

Name
Sequence	at EcoCyc MVAVRSAHIN KAGEFDPEKW IASLGITSQK SCECLAETWA YCLQQTQGHP DASLLLWRGV EMVEILSTLS MDIDTLRAAL LFPLADANVV SEDVLRESVG KSVVNLIHGV RDMAAIRQLK ATHTDSVSSE QVDNVRRMLL AMVDDFRCVV IKLAERIAHL REVKDAPEDE RVLAAKECTN IYAPLANRLG IGQLKWELED YCFRYLHPTE YKRIAKLLHE RRLDREHYIE EFVGHLRAEM KAEGVKAEVY GRPKHIYSIW RKMQKKNLAF DELFDVRAVR IVAERLQDCY AALGIVHTHY RHLPDEFDDY VANPKPNGYQ SIHTVVLGPG GKTVEIQIRT KQMHEDAELG VAAHWKYKEG AAAGGARSGH EDRIAWLRKL IAWQEEMADS GEMLDEVRSQ VFDDRVYVFT PKGDVVDLPA GSTPLDFAYH IHSDVGHRCI GAKIGGRIVP FTYQLQMGDQ IEIITQKQPN PSRDWLNPNL GYVTTSRGRS KIHAWFRKQD RDKNILAGRQ ILDDELEHLG ISLKEAEKHL LPRYNFNDVD ELLAAIGGGD IRLNQMVNFL QSQFNKPSAE EQDAAALKQL QQKSYTPQNR SKDNGRVVVE GVGNLMHHIA RCCQPIPGDE IVGFITQGRG ISVHRADCEQ LAELRSHAPE RIVDAVWGES YSAGYSLVVR VVANDRSGLL RDITTILANE KVNVLGVASR SDTKQQLATI DMTIEIYNLQ VLGRVLGKLN QVPDVIDARR LHGS
Length	744
Mol. Wt	83.875 kDa
pI	6.8 (calculated)
Extinction coefficient	93,280 - 94,655 (calc based on 22 Y, 11 W, and 11 C residues)
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Domains/Motifs/Modification Sites

See Help:Product_domains_motifs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Residues	Description	References
Domain	667..734	PF01842 ACT domain	PMID:19920124
Domain	406..465	PF02824 TGS domain	PMID:19920124
Domain	251..361	PF04607 Region found in RelA / SpoT proteins	PMID:19920124
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<motif_map/>

Structure
See Help:Product_structure for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Structures

<beststructure> gene=relA taxon=562,83333 </beststructure>

Models

View models at:

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</protect>

Structure figures

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Notes

Gene Product Resources

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See Help:Product_resources for help with entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource type	Source	Notes/Reference
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GI:16130691	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:947244	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0009125	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
UniProt (EcoliWiki Page)	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P0AG20	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Gene) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:947244	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000826	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0828	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Expression

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Overview

This is a placeholder for a summary statement on how expression of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Cellular Levels

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See Help:Cellular levels

Molecule	Organism or Strain	Value	Units	Experimental Conditions	Assay used	Reference(s)
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	356	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	213	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Minimal Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	358	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete without Methionine Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
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Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

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See Help:Expression_transcription for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Transcription unit(s)
relA-mazEF
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Figure courtesy of RegulonDB

</protect>

Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how transcription of this gene is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Translation and Regulation of Translation

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<protect><gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:2911653..2911693 source=MG1655 flip=1 type=Gene+DNA_+Protein preset=Nterminus </gbrowseImage> This picture shows the sequence around the N-terminus.

</protect>

Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how translation of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about turnover of this gene product. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Experimental

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<protect> Mutations Affecting Expression See Help:Expression_mutations for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Allele Name	Mutation	Phenotype	Reference
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Expression Studies See Help:Expression_studies for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Reference	Notes
microarray	GEO Profiles:b2784 (EcoliWiki Page)	NCBI GEO profiles for relA
microarray	GenExpDB:b2784 (EcoliWiki Page)	Summary of data for relA from multiple microarray studies
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Expression Resources See Help:Expression_resources for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource Name	Resource Type	Description	Source	Notes
	GFP Fusion	Intergenic region (2911600..2911755) fused to gfpmut2.	OpenBioSystems	GFP fusion described in Zaslaver, et al. Plate:109-AZ20; Well:B4^[7]
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Notes

Accessions Related to relA Expression

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0828	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoliGenExpDB (EcoliWiki Page)	EcoliGenExpDB:b2784
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000826	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0009125	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Evolution

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Homologs in Other Organisms

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See Help:Evolution_homologs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Organism	Homologs (Statistics)	Comments
Arabidopsis thaliana	AT4G02260 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 73%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Bos taurus	ENSBTAP00000024795 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Caenorhabditis briggsae	WBGene00038968 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Caenorhabditis elegans	WBGene00014148 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Canis familiaris	ENSCAFP00000018036 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Danio rerio	ZDB-GENE-050417-377 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%) ZDB-CDNA-050417-378 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Dictyostelium discoideum	DDB0230182 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Drosophila melanogaster	FBgn0039650 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Drosophila pseudoobscura	GA11268-PA (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Homo sapiens	ENSP00000330721 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Macaca mulatta	ENSMMUP00000006766 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Monodelphis domestica	ENSMODP00000024331 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Mus musculus	MGI:1915945 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Oryza gramene	Q6ATB4 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 97%) Q9AYT4 (score: 0.998) Q75IS2 (score: 0.549) Q6ATB2 (score: 0.496)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Pan troglodytes	ENSPTRP00000012759 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Rattus norvegicus	ENSRNOP00000016445 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Takifugu rubripes	NEWSINFRUP00000171044 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Tetraodon nigroviridis	GSTENP00034759001 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Shigella flexneri	RELA	From SHIGELLACYC
E. coli O157	RELA	From ECOO157CYC
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Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF02824 TGS domain
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF01842 ACT domain
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:55021
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:81271
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:81301
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:109604
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF04607 Region found in RelA / SpoT proteins
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10835	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000826	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0828	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0009125	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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References

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See Help:References for how to manage references in EcoliWiki.

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 Riley, M. et al. (2006) Nucleic Acids Res 34:1-6 (corrected supplemental data from B. Wanner)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 EcoCyc (release 10.6; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 EcoCyc (release 11.1; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 EcoGene: Rudd, KE (2000) EcoGene: a genome sequence database for Escherichia coli K-12. Nucleic Acids Res 28:60-4.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 CGSC: The Coli Genetics Stock Center
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 The Tn10 insertion sites determined by Nichols et al. 1998 (PMID:9829956) were reannotated by alignment with E. coli K-12 genome sequence (GenBank accession NC_000913). P1 contransduction frequencies were calculated using the formula of Wu (PMID:5338813).
↑ Zaslaver, A et al. (2006) A comprehensive library of fluorescent transcriptional reporters for Escherichia coli. Nat. Methods 3 623-8 PubMed

relA:On One Page

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Notes

Gene

Nomenclature

Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

Notes

Sequence Features

Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

Notes

Genetic Interactions

Notes

Genetic Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Product(s)

Nomenclature

Notes

Function

Notes

Localization

Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

Structure figures

Notes

Gene Product Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Expression

Overview

Cellular Levels

Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

Notes

Translation and Regulation of Translation

Notes

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

Notes

Experimental

Notes

Accessions Related to relA Expression

Notes

Links

Evolution

Homologs in Other Organisms

Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

Notes

Links

References

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