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Standard Name	galS
Gene Synonym(s)	ECK2144, b2151, JW2138, mglD^[1], mglD
Product Desc.	GalS transcriptional repressor^[2]; GalS transcriptional dual regulator^[3] Repressor of the mgl operon and isorepressor of the gal operon; autoregulatory; homodimeric^[4]
Product Synonyms(s)	DNA-binding transcriptional repressor^[1], B2151^[2]^[1], MglD^[2]^[1], GalS^[2]^[1], mgl repressor, galactose operon inducer^[2]^[1] , ECK2144, JW2138, mglD, b2151
Function from GO	<GO_nr />
Knock-Out Phenotype
Regulation/Expression	transcription unit(s): galS^[2], OP00031
Regulation/Activity
Quick Links
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Notes

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Gene

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Nomenclature

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See Help:Gene_nomenclature for help with entering information in the Gene Nomenclature table.

Standard name	galS
Mnemonic	Methyl-galactoside
Synonyms	ECK2144, b2151, JW2138, mglD^[1], mglD
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Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

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<protect> See Help:Gene_location for help entering information in the Gene Location and DNA sequence table.

Strain	Map location	Genome coordinates	Genome browsers	Sequence links
MG1655	48.25 minutes	MG1655: 2239690..2238650 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:2238650..2239690 source=MG1655 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	EcoCyc GBrowse(MG1655)	FASTA Dump EcoCyc Sequence Dump
REL606		NC_012967: 2192906..2191866 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012967:2191866..2192906 source=REL606 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (REL606)	FASTA Dump
BW2952		NC_012759: 2131133..2132173 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012759:2131133..2132173 source=BW2952 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (BW2952)	FASTA Dump
W3110		W3110: 2245002..2243962 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_007779:2243962..2245002 source=W3110 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(W3110)	FASTA Dump
DH10B		DH10B: 2330679..2329639 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_010473:2329639..2330679 source=DH10B preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(DH10B)	FASTA Dump
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Notes

Sequence Features

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See Help:Gene_sequence_features for help in entering sequence features in EcoliWiki.

Feature Type	Strain	Genomic Location	Evidence	Reference	Notes
Coding Start (SO:0000323)	MG1655	2238650	Edman degradation	PMID:8982002
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Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

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See Help:Gene_alleles for how to enter or edit alleles and phenotypes in EcoliWiki.

Allele	Nt change(s)	AA change(s)	Reference	Availability	Comments
ΔgalS (Keio:JW2138)	deletion	deletion	PMID:16738554	Shigen CGSC9733^[5]
galS::Tn5KAN-2 (FB20655)	Insertion at nt 532 in Plus orientation		PMID:15262929	E. coli Genome Project:FB20655	does not contain pKD46
galS::Tn5KAN-2 (FB20656)	Insertion at nt 532 in Plus orientation		PMID:15262929	E. coli Genome Project:FB20656	contains pKD46
ΔgalS778::kan			PMID:16738554	CGSC:101086
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Notes

Genetic Interactions

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Interactor	Interaction	Allele	Score(s)	Reference(s)	Accessions	Notes
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Notes

Genetic Resources

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See Help:Gene_resources for help entering information into the Genetic Resources table.

Resource	Resource Type	Source	Notes/Reference
JW2138	Plasmid clone	Shigen	PMID:16769691 Status:Clone OK Primer 1:GCCATCACCATTCGTGATGTAGC Primer 2:CCCATCGCCTGATTTGTTGAGTT
7F1	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
7H12	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
5H11	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
zbd-3104::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG12021 = CGSC7344^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 3% ^[6] Synonyms:zbc-3105::Tn10, zbd-3105::Tn10
napA722::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG12098 = CGSC7400^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 3% ^[6] Synonyms:zeg-722, zei-722::Tn10
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10365	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10365	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000358	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:949043	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0360	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0007110	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Product(s)

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Nomenclature

See Help:Product_nomenclature for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Standard name	GalS
Synonyms	DNA-binding transcriptional repressor^[1], B2151^[2]^[1], MglD^[2]^[1], GalS^[2]^[1], mgl repressor, galactose operon inducer^[2]^[1] , ECK2144, JW2138, mglD, b2151
Product description	GalS transcriptional repressor^[2]; GalS transcriptional dual regulator^[3] Repressor of the mgl operon and isorepressor of the gal operon; autoregulatory; homodimeric^[4]
EC number (for enzymes)
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Notes

Function

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<protect> Gene Ontology
See Help:Gene_ontology for help entering or editing GO terms and GO annotations in EcoliWiki.

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR010982	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0238	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0003700	transcription factor activity	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000843	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005622	intracellular	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000843	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0006350	transcription	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0804	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR000843	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
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Interactions See Help:Product_interactions for help entering or editing information about gene product interactions in this section of EcoliWiki.

Partner Type	Partner	References	Evidence
Protein	rsuA	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1142029
Protein	groL	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1142029
Protein	hisJ	PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1142029
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Notes

Localization

See Help:Product_localization for how to add or edit information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Compartment	Description	Evidence	Reference/Source	Notes
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Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

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<protect> Physical Properties See Help:Product_physical_properties for help entering or editing information about the physical properties of this gene product.

Name
Sequence	at EcoCyc MITIRDVARQ AGVSVATVSR VLNNSTLVSA DTREAVMKAV SELDYRPNAN AQALATQVSD TIGVVVMDVS DAFFGALVKA VDLVAQQHQK YVLIGNSYHE AEKERHAIEV LIRQRCNALI VHSKALSDDE LAQFMDNIPG MVLINRVVPG YAHRCVCLDN LSGARMATRM LLNNGHQRIG YLSSSHGIED DAMRKAGWMS ALKEQDIIPP ESWIGAGTPD MPGGEAAMVE LLGRNLQLTA VFAYNDNMAA GALTALKDNG IAIPLHLSII GFDDIPIARY TDPQLTTVRY PIASMAKLAT ELALQGAAGN IDPRASHCFM PTLVRRHSVA TRQNAAAITN STNQAM
Length	346
Mol. Wt	37.356 kDa
pI	6.7 (calculated)
Extinction coefficient	22,920 - 23,420 (calc based on 8 Y, 2 W, and 4 C residues)
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Domains/Motifs/Modification Sites

See Help:Product_domains_motifs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Residues	Description	References
Domain	3..48	PF00356 Bacterial regulatory proteins, lacI family	PMID:19920124
Domain	59..309	PF00532 family	PMID:19920124
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<motif_map/>

Structure
See Help:Product_structure for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Structures

<beststructure> gene=galS taxon=562,83333 </beststructure>

Models

View models at:

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Structure figures

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Notes

Gene Product Resources

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See Help:Product_resources for help with entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource type	Source	Notes/Reference
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Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GI:16130089	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:949043	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0007110	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
UniProt (EcoliWiki Page)	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P25748	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10365	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10365	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Gene) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:949043	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000358	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0360	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Expression

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Overview

This is a placeholder for a summary statement on how expression of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Cellular Levels

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See Help:Cellular levels

Molecule	Organism or Strain	Value	Units	Experimental Conditions	Assay used	Notes	Reference(s)
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	3^a	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	Low confidence in the sequencing data set.	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	8	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Minimal Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling		PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	0^a	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete without Methionine Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	Low confidence in the sequencing data set.	PMID: 24766808
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Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

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See Help:Expression_transcription for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Transcription unit(s)
galS
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Figure courtesy of RegulonDB

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how transcription of this gene is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Translation and Regulation of Translation

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<protect><gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:2239670..2239710 source=MG1655 flip=1 type=Gene+DNA_+Protein preset=Nterminus </gbrowseImage> This picture shows the sequence around the N-terminus.

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how translation of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about turnover of this gene product. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Experimental

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<protect> Mutations Affecting Expression See Help:Expression_mutations for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Allele Name	Mutation	Phenotype	Reference
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Expression Studies See Help:Expression_studies for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Reference	Notes
microarray	GEO Profiles:b2151 (EcoliWiki Page)	NCBI GEO profiles for galS
microarray	GenExpDB:b2151 (EcoliWiki Page)	Summary of data for galS from multiple microarray studies
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Expression Resources See Help:Expression_resources for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource Name	Resource Type	Description	Source	Notes
	GFP Fusion	Intergenic region (2239619..2239844) fused to gfpmut2.	OpenBioSystems	GFP fusion described in Zaslaver, et al. Plate:109-AZ03; Well:B4^[7]
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Notes

Accessions Related to galS Expression

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10365	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0360	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoliGenExpDB (EcoliWiki Page)	EcoliGenExpDB:b2151
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10365	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000358	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0007110	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Evolution

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Homologs in Other Organisms

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See Help:Evolution_homologs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Organism	Homologs (Statistics)	Comments
Apis mellifera	ENSAPMP00000033792 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%) YP_026222 (score: 0.052)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Shigella flexneri	GALS	From SHIGELLACYC
E. coli O157	GALS	From ECOO157CYC
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Notes

Families

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<protect> See Help:Evolution_families for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Database	Accession	Notes
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF00356 Bacterial regulatory proteins, lacI family
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF00532 family
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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References

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See Help:References for how to manage references in EcoliWiki.

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 Riley, M. et al. (2006) Nucleic Acids Res 34:1-6 (corrected supplemental data from B. Wanner)
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 EcoCyc (release 10.6; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 EcoCyc (release 11.1; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 EcoGene: Rudd, KE (2000) EcoGene: a genome sequence database for Escherichia coli K-12. Nucleic Acids Res 28:60-4.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 CGSC: The Coli Genetics Stock Center
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 The Tn10 insertion sites determined by Nichols et al. 1998 (PMID:9829956) were reannotated by alignment with E. coli K-12 genome sequence (GenBank accession NC_000913). P1 contransduction frequencies were calculated using the formula of Wu (PMID:5338813).
↑ Zaslaver, A et al. (2006) A comprehensive library of fluorescent transcriptional reporters for Escherichia coli. Nat. Methods 3 623-8 PubMed

galS:On One Page

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Notes

Gene

Nomenclature

Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

Notes

Sequence Features

Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

Notes

Genetic Interactions

Notes

Genetic Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Product(s)

Nomenclature

Notes

Function

Notes

Localization

Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

Structure figures

Notes

Gene Product Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Expression

Overview

Cellular Levels

Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

Notes

Translation and Regulation of Translation

Notes

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

Notes

Experimental

Notes

Accessions Related to galS Expression

Notes

Links

Evolution

Homologs in Other Organisms

Notes

Families

Notes

Links

References

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