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Gene |

Product(s) |

Expression|

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Standard Name	pal
Gene Synonym(s)	ECK0730, b0741, JW0731, excC^[1], excC
Product Desc.	Pal^[2]^[3]; Component of Tol-Pal Cell Envelope Complex^[2]; The Tol-Pal Cell Envelope Complex^[3]; The Colicin A Import System^[3]; Colicin S4 Transport System^[3] Lipoprotein associated with peptidoglycan; involved in maintaining cell membrane integrity^[4]
Product Synonyms(s)	peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein^[1], B0741^[2]^[1], ExcC^[2]^[1], Pal^[2]^[1] , ECK0730, excC, JW0731, b0741
Function from GO	<GO_nr />
Knock-Out Phenotype
Regulation/Expression	transcription unit(s): tolB-pal-ybgF^[2]
Regulation/Activity
Quick Links
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Notes

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Cell envelope integrity is stabilized by the Tol-Pal system linking inner and outer membranes. First 21 aa are a type II signal peptide. Pal restores the outer membrane integrity of an lpp mutant, but overproduced Lpp has no effect on a pal mutant phenotype. Mutants have elevated OM vesiculation (McBroom, 2006).^[4]

Gene

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Nomenclature

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See Help:Gene_nomenclature for help with entering information in the Gene Nomenclature table.

Standard name	pal
Mnemonic	peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein
Synonyms	ECK0730, b0741, JW0731, excC^[1], excC
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Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

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<protect> See Help:Gene_location for help entering information in the Gene Location and DNA sequence table.

Strain	Map location	Genome coordinates	Genome browsers	Sequence links
MG1655	16.77 minutes	MG1655: 778290..778811 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:778290..778811 source=MG1655 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	EcoCyc GBrowse(MG1655)	FASTA Dump EcoCyc Sequence Dump
REL606		NC_012967: 759949..760470 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012967:759949..760470 source=REL606 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (REL606)	FASTA Dump
BW2952		NC_012759: 681050..681571 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012759:681050..681571 source=BW2952 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (BW2952)	FASTA Dump
W3110		W3110: 779489..780010 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_007779:779489..780010 source=W3110 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(W3110)	FASTA Dump
DH10B		DH10B: 830882..831403 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_010473:830882..831403 source=DH10B preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(DH10B)	FASTA Dump
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Notes

Sequence Features

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See Help:Gene_sequence_features for help in entering sequence features in EcoliWiki.

Feature Type	Strain	Genomic Location	Evidence	Reference	Notes
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Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

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See Help:Gene_alleles for how to enter or edit alleles and phenotypes in EcoliWiki.

Allele	Nt change(s)	AA change(s)	Phenotype: Type	Phenotype: Description	Reference	Availability
Δpal (Keio:JW0731)	deletion	deletion			PMID:16738554	Shigen CGSC8796^[5]
Δpal::kan	deletion		Biolog:respiration	unable to respire Acetate	PMID:16095938
Δpal::kan	deletion		Biolog:respiration	unable to respire a-Ketoglutarate	PMID:16095938
Δpal-790::kan					PMID:16738554	CGSC:102244
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Notes

Genetic Interactions

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Interactor	Interaction	Allele	Score(s)	Reference(s)	Accessions	Notes
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Notes

Genetic Resources

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See Help:Gene_resources for help entering information into the Genetic Resources table.

Resource	Resource Type	Source	Notes/Reference
JW0731	Plasmid clone	Shigen	PMID:16769691 Status:Clone OK Primer 1:GCCCAACTGAACAAAGTGCTGAA Primer 2:CCGTAAACCAGTACCGCACGACG
18F11	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
10G5	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
asnB3057::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG18433 = CGSC7349^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: % ^[6] Synonyms:zbf-3057::Tn10 nnnThe Tn10 in CAG18433 is inserted in the asnB regulatory region, 4 bp before the start of the asnB ORF.
nadA57::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG12147 = CGSC7351^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 96% ^[6]
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000677	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:945004	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0678	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002521	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Product(s)

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Nomenclature

See Help:Product_nomenclature for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Standard name	Pal
Synonyms	peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein^[1], B0741^[2]^[1], ExcC^[2]^[1], Pal^[2]^[1] , ECK0730, excC, JW0731, b0741
Product description	Pal^[2]^[3]; Component of Tol-Pal Cell Envelope Complex^[2]; The Tol-Pal Cell Envelope Complex^[3]; The Colicin A Import System^[3]; Colicin S4 Transport System^[3] Lipoprotein associated with peptidoglycan; involved in maintaining cell membrane integrity^[4]
EC number (for enzymes)
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Notes

Function

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<protect> Gene Ontology
See Help:Gene_ontology for help entering or editing GO terms and GO annotations in EcoliWiki.

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-1003	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0009279	cell outer membrane	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR006664	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0009279	cell outer membrane	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR006665	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0009279	cell outer membrane	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR006690	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005515	protein binding	PMID:9701827	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction	EcoliWiki:TolB	F		complete
	GO:0009279	cell outer membrane	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0998	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016020	membrane	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0472	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016021	integral to membrane	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR006664	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016021	integral to membrane	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR006690	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0031225	anchored to membrane	GO_REF:0000023	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_SL:SL-9901	C	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
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Interactions See Help:Product_interactions for help entering or editing information about gene product interactions in this section of EcoliWiki.

Partner Type	Partner	Notes
Protein	Subunits of Tol-Pal Cell Envelope Complex	could be indirect
Protein	Subunits of The Tol-Pal Cell Envelope Complex	could be indirect
Protein	Subunits of The Colicin A Import System	could be indirect
Protein	Subunits of Colicin S4 Transport System	could be indirect
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Notes

Localization

See Help:Product_localization for how to add or edit information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Compartment	Evidence	Reference/Source
outer membrane		From EcoCyc^[3]
Outer membrane	PMID:10806384	EchoLocation:pal
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Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

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<protect> Physical Properties See Help:Product_physical_properties for help entering or editing information about the physical properties of this gene product.

Name
Sequence	at EcoCyc MQLNKVLKGL MIALPVMAIA ACSSNKNASN DGSEGMLGAG TGMDANGGNG NMSSEEQARL QMQQLQQNNI VYFDLDKYDI RSDFAQMLDA HANFLRSNPS YKVTVEGHAD ERGTPEYNIS LGERRANAVK MYLQGKGVSA DQISIVSYGK EKPAVLGHDE AAYSKNRRAV LVY
Length	173
Mol. Wt	18.823 kDa
pI	6.7 (calculated)
Extinction coefficient	11,920 - 12,045 (calc based on 8 Y, 0 W, and 1 C residues)
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Domains/Motifs/Modification Sites

See Help:Product_domains_motifs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Residues	Description	Notes	References
motif	1-21	UniProt Manual:Signal Peptides	UniProt:P0A912
Domain	72..167	PF00691 OmpA family		PMID:19920124
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<motif_map/>

Structure
See Help:Product_structure for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Structures

<beststructure> gene=pal taxon=562,83333 </beststructure>

Models

View models at:

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Structure figures

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Notes

Gene Product Resources

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See Help:Product_resources for help with entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource type	Source	Notes/Reference
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GI:16128716	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:945004	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002521	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
UniProt (EcoliWiki Page)	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P0A912	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Gene) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:945004	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000677	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0678	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Expression

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Overview

This is a placeholder for a summary statement on how expression of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Cellular Levels

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See Help:Cellular levels

Molecule	Organism or Strain	Value	Units	Experimental Conditions	Assay used	Reference(s)
Protein	E. coli K-12 MC4100	5.06E+03	molecules/cell	Medium: median data from rich and minimal media Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): Growth Rate(min): Growth phase: other:	emPAI	PMID:18304323
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	64020	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	17960	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Minimal Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	20182	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete without Methionine Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	PMID: 24766808
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Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

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See Help:Expression_transcription for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Transcription unit(s)
tolB-pal-ybgF
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Figure courtesy of RegulonDB

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how transcription of this gene is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Translation and Regulation of Translation

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<protect><gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:778270..778310 source=MG1655 type=Gene+DNA_+Protein preset=Nterminus </gbrowseImage> This picture shows the sequence around the N-terminus.

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how translation of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about turnover of this gene product. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Experimental

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<protect> Mutations Affecting Expression See Help:Expression_mutations for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Allele Name	Mutation	Phenotype	Reference
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Expression Studies See Help:Expression_studies for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Reference	Notes
microarray	GEO Profiles:b0741 (EcoliWiki Page)	NCBI GEO profiles for pal
microarray	GenExpDB:b0741 (EcoliWiki Page)	Summary of data for pal from multiple microarray studies
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Expression Resources See Help:Expression_resources for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource Name	Resource Type	Description	Source	Notes
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Notes

Accessions Related to pal Expression

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0678	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoliGenExpDB (EcoliWiki Page)	EcoliGenExpDB:b0741
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000677	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002521	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Evolution

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Homologs in Other Organisms

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See Help:Evolution_homologs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Organism	Homologs (Statistics)	Comments
Shigella flexneri	PAL	From SHIGELLACYC
E. coli O157	PAL	From ECOO157CYC
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Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF00691 OmpA family
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:103088
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG10684	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120000677	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB0678	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0002521	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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References

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See Help:References for how to manage references in EcoliWiki.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 ^1.8 ^1.9 Riley, M. et al. (2006) Nucleic Acids Res 34:1-6 (corrected supplemental data from B. Wanner)
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 EcoCyc (release 10.6; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 EcoCyc (release 11.1; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 EcoGene: Rudd, KE (2000) EcoGene: a genome sequence database for Escherichia coli K-12. Nucleic Acids Res 28:60-4.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 CGSC: The Coli Genetics Stock Center
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 The Tn10 insertion sites determined by Nichols et al. 1998 (PMID:9829956) were reannotated by alignment with E. coli K-12 genome sequence (GenBank accession NC_000913). P1 contransduction frequencies were calculated using the formula of Wu (PMID:5338813).

pal:On One Page

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Gene

Nomenclature

Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

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Sequence Features

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Alleles and Phenotypes

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Genetic Interactions

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Genetic Resources

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Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Product(s)

Nomenclature

Notes

Function

Notes

Localization

Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

Structure figures

Notes

Gene Product Resources

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Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Expression

Overview

Cellular Levels

Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

Notes

Translation and Regulation of Translation

Notes

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

Notes

Experimental

Notes

Accessions Related to pal Expression

Notes

Links

Evolution

Homologs in Other Organisms

Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

Notes

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References

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