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On One Page

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Gene |

Product(s) |

Expression|

Evolution |

References |

Quickview

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Standard Name	hcaE
Gene Synonym(s)	ECK2535, b2538, JW2522, hcaA1, digA, hcaA, phdC1, yfhU^[1], yfhU
Product Desc.	3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, α subunit^[2]^[3]; Component of 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase system^[2]^[3]; 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase system^[2]^[3] 3-phenylpropionate/cinnamic acid dioxygenase, alpha subunit; hca genes catabolize 3-phenylpropionate and cinnamic acid, feeding the products into the the mhp pathway^[4]
Product Synonyms(s)	3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, large (alpha) subunit^[1], B2538^[2]^[1], DigA^[2]^[1], YfhU^[2]^[1], HcaA^[2]^[1], HcaE^[2]^[1], HcaA1^[2]^[1], 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, large subunit^[2]^[1] , digA, ECK2535, hcaA, hcaA1, JW2522, phdC1, yfhU, b2538
Function from GO	<GO_nr />
Knock-Out Phenotype
Regulation/Expression	transcription unit(s): hcaEFCBD^[2]
Regulation/Activity
Quick Links
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Notes

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Hydrocinnamic acid is a synonym for 3-phenylpropionic acid. The N-terminal domains of YeaW and HcaE are homologous.^[4]

Gene

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Nomenclature

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See Help:Gene_nomenclature for help with entering information in the Gene Nomenclature table.

Standard name	hcaE
Mnemonic	Hydrocinnamic acid
Synonyms	ECK2535, b2538, JW2522, hcaA1, digA, hcaA, phdC1, yfhU^[1], yfhU
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Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

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<protect> See Help:Gene_location for help entering information in the Gene Location and DNA sequence table.

Strain	Map location	Genome coordinates	Genome browsers	Sequence links
MG1655	57.48 minutes	MG1655: 2667054..2668415 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:2667054..2668415 source=MG1655 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	EcoCyc GBrowse(MG1655)	FASTA Dump EcoCyc Sequence Dump
REL606		NC_012967: 2589731..2591092 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012967:2589731..2591092 source=REL606 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (REL606)	FASTA Dump
BW2952		NC_012759: 2552859..2554220 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_012759:2552859..2554220 source=BW2952 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse (BW2952)	FASTA Dump
W3110		W3110: 2667688..2669049 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_007779:2667688..2669049 source=W3110 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(W3110)	FASTA Dump
DH10B		DH10B: 2758819..2760180 <gbrowseImage> name=NC_010473:2758819..2760180 source=DH10B preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage>	GBrowse(DH10B)	FASTA Dump
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Notes

Sequence Features

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See Help:Gene_sequence_features for help in entering sequence features in EcoliWiki.

Feature Type	Strain	Genomic Location	Evidence	Reference	Notes
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Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

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See Help:Gene_alleles for how to enter or edit alleles and phenotypes in EcoliWiki.

Allele	Nt change(s)	AA change(s)	Reference	Availability
ΔhcaE (Keio:JW2522)	deletion	deletion	PMID:16738554	Shigen CGSC10008^[5]
ΔhcaE783::kan			PMID:16738554	CGSC:101312
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Notes

Genetic Interactions

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Interactor	Interaction	Allele	Score(s)	Reference(s)	Accessions	Notes
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Notes

Genetic Resources

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See Help:Gene_resources for help entering information into the Genetic Resources table.

Resource	Resource Type	Source	Notes/Reference
JW2522	Plasmid clone	Shigen	PMID:16769691 Status:Clone OK Primer 1:GCCACCACACCCTCAGATTTGAA Primer 2:CCTTTCATCACCTCCTGCTGGTA
5E10	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
6F10	Kohara Phage	Genobase	PMID:3038334
zfh-208::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG18481 = CGSC7417^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 88% ^[6] Synonyms:zff-208::Tn10
nadB51::Tn10	Linked marker	CAG18480 = CGSC7419^[5]	est. P1 cotransduction: 16% ^[6]
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:M009	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG13456	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120004468	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:946998	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB3229	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0008355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Product(s)

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Nomenclature

See Help:Product_nomenclature for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Standard name	HcaE
Synonyms	3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, large (alpha) subunit^[1], B2538^[2]^[1], DigA^[2]^[1], YfhU^[2]^[1], HcaA^[2]^[1], HcaE^[2]^[1], HcaA1^[2]^[1], 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, large subunit^[2]^[1] , digA, ECK2535, hcaA, hcaA1, JW2522, phdC1, yfhU, b2538
Product description	3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase, α subunit^[2]^[3]; Component of 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase system^[2]^[3]; 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase system^[2]^[3] 3-phenylpropionate/cinnamic acid dioxygenase, alpha subunit; hca genes catabolize 3-phenylpropionate and cinnamic acid, feeding the products into the the mhp pathway^[4]
EC number (for enzymes)	1.14.1.-^[1]
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Notes

Function

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<protect> Gene Ontology
See Help:Gene_ontology for help entering or editing GO terms and GO annotations in EcoliWiki.

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Notes	Status
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm				C	Seeded from Riley et al 2006 ^[1].	Missing: evidence, reference
	GO:0005506	iron ion binding	GOA:hamap GO_REF:0000020	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	HAMAP:MF_01648	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005506	iron ion binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR001663	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005506	iron ion binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015879	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005506	iron ion binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015881	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005506	iron ion binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR020875	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0005506	iron ion binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0408	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0006725	cellular aromatic compound metabolic process	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR001663	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0008695	3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity	GOA:hamap GO_REF:0000020	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	HAMAP:MF_01648	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0008695	3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR020875	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0008695	3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity	GOA:spec GO_REF:0000003	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	EC:1.14.12.19	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016491	oxidoreductase activity	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR017941	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016491	oxidoreductase activity	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0560	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016702	oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0223	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016705	oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015881	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0016708	oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015879	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0019439	aromatic compound catabolic process	GOA:hamap GO_REF:0000020	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	HAMAP:MF_01648	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0019439	aromatic compound catabolic process	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015879	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0019439	aromatic compound catabolic process	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR020875	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0019439	aromatic compound catabolic process	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0058	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0046872	metal ion binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0479	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0051536	iron-sulfur cluster binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0411	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0051537	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR001663	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0051537	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015879	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0051537	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015881	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0051537	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR017941	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0051537	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0001	F	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0055114	oxidation reduction	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR001663	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0055114	oxidation reduction	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015879	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0055114	oxidation reduction	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR015881	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0055114	oxidation reduction	GOA:interpro GO_REF:0000002	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	InterPro:IPR017941	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
	GO:0055114	oxidation reduction	GOA:spkw SP_KW:GO_REF:0000004	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation	SP_KW:KW-0560	P	Seeded from EcoCyc (v14.0)	complete
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Interactions See Help:Product_interactions for help entering or editing information about gene product interactions in this section of EcoliWiki.

Partner Type	Partner	Notes	References	Evidence
Protein	Subunits of 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase system	could be indirect
Protein	groL		PMID:16606699	Experiment(s):EBI-1143192
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Notes

Localization

See Help:Product_localization for how to add or edit information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Compartment	Description	Evidence	Reference/Source	Notes
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Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

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<protect> Physical Properties See Help:Product_physical_properties for help entering or editing information about the physical properties of this gene product.

Name
Sequence	at EcoCyc MTTPSDLNIY QLIDTQNGRV TPRIYTDPDI YQLELERIFG RCWLFLAHES QIPKPGDFFN TYMGEDAVVV VRQKDGSIKA FLNQCRHRAM RVSYADCGNT RAFTCPYHGW SYGINGELID VPLEPRAYPQ GLCKSHWGLN EVPCVESYKG LIFGNWDTSA PGLRDYLGDI AWYLDGMLDR REGGTEIVGG VQKWVINCNW KFPAEQFASD QYHALFSHAS AVQVLGAKDD GSDKRLGDGQ TARPVWETAK DALQFGQDGH GSGFFFTEKP DANVWVDGAV SSYYRETYAE AEQRLGEVRA LRLAGHNNIF PTLSWLNGTA TLRVWHPRGP DQVEVWAFCI TDKAASDEVK AAFENSATRA FGPAGFLEQD DSENWCEIQK LLKGHRARNS KLCLEMGLGQ EKRRDDGIPG ITNYIFSETA ARGMYQRWAD LLSSESWQEV LDKTAAYQQE VMK
Length	453
Mol. Wt	51.109 kDa
pI	5.2 (calculated)
Extinction coefficient	109,320 - 110,570 (calc based on 18 Y, 15 W, and 10 C residues)
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Domains/Motifs/Modification Sites

See Help:Product_domains_motifs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Residues	Description	References
Domain	42..141	PF00355 Rieske [2Fe-2S domain]	PMID:19920124
Domain	163..437	PF00848 Ring hydroxylating alpha subunit (catalytic domain)	PMID:19920124
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<motif_map/>

Structure
See Help:Product_structure for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Structures

<beststructure> gene=hcaE taxon=562,83333 </beststructure>

Models

View models at:

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</protect>

Structure figures

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Notes

Gene Product Resources

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See Help:Product_resources for help with entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource type	Source	Notes/Reference
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Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GI:16130463	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Protein) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:946998	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0008355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
UniProt (EcoliWiki Page)	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P0ABR5	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:M009	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG13456	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
NCBI (Gene) (EcoliWiki Page)	GeneID:946998	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120004468	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB3229	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Expression

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Overview

This is a placeholder for a summary statement on how expression of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Cellular Levels

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See Help:Cellular levels

Molecule	Organism or Strain	Value	Units	Experimental Conditions	Assay used	Notes	Reference(s)
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	4^a	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	Low confidence in the sequencing data set.	PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	10	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Minimal Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling		PMID: 24766808
Protein	E. coli K-12 MG1655	4^a	molecules/cell/generation	Medium: MOPS Complete without Methionine Temperature (°C): 37 Doubling time (min): *Growth phase: OD: other:	Ribosome Profiling	Low confidence in the sequencing data set.	PMID: 24766808
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Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

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See Help:Expression_transcription for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Transcription unit(s)
hcaEFCBD
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Figure courtesy of RegulonDB

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how transcription of this gene is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Translation and Regulation of Translation

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<protect><gbrowseImage> name=NC_000913:2667034..2667074 source=MG1655 type=Gene+DNA_+Protein preset=Nterminus </gbrowseImage> This picture shows the sequence around the N-terminus.

</protect>

Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about how translation of this gene product is regulated. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

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Notes

This is a placeholder for a summary statement about turnover of this gene product. You can help EcoliWiki by becoming a user and writing/editing this statement.

Experimental

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<protect> Mutations Affecting Expression See Help:Expression_mutations for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Allele Name	Mutation	Phenotype	Reference
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Expression Studies See Help:Expression_studies for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Type	Reference	Notes
microarray	GEO Profiles:b2538 (EcoliWiki Page)	NCBI GEO profiles for hcaE
microarray	GenExpDB:b2538 (EcoliWiki Page)	Summary of data for hcaE from multiple microarray studies
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Expression Resources See Help:Expression_resources for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Resource Name	Resource Type	Description	Source	Notes
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Notes

Accessions Related to hcaE Expression

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:M009	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB3229	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoliGenExpDB (EcoliWiki Page)	EcoliGenExpDB:b2538
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG13456	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120004468	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0008355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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Evolution

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Homologs in Other Organisms

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See Help:Evolution_homologs for help entering or editing information in this section of EcoliWiki.

Organism	Homologs (Statistics)	Comments
Xenopus tropicalis	ENSXETP00000002096 (score: 1.000; bootstrap: 100%)	From Inparanoid:20070104
Shigella flexneri	HCAA1	From SHIGELLACYC
E. coli O157	HCAA1	From ECOO157CYC
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Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

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See Help:Gene_accessions for help with entering information into the Gene Accessions table.

Database	Accession	Notes
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF00355 Rieske [2Fe-2S domain]
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:50022
Panther (EcoliWiki Page)	PTHR21266:SF2
Superfamily (EcoliWiki Page)	SUPERFAMILY:55961
Pfam (EcoliWiki Page)	PF00848 Ring hydroxylating alpha subunit (catalytic domain)
EcoCyc	EcoCyc:M009	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EcoGene	EcoGene:EG13456	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
RegulonDB	RegulonDB:ECK120004468	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
EchoBASE	EchoBASE:EB3229	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
ASAP	ASAP:ABE-0008355	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
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Notes

Links

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Name	URL	Comments
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References

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See Help:References for how to manage references in EcoliWiki.

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 Riley, M. et al. (2006) Nucleic Acids Res 34:1-6 (corrected supplemental data from B. Wanner)
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 ^2.16 ^2.17 ^2.18 ^2.19 ^2.20 EcoCyc (release 10.6; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 EcoCyc (release 11.1; 2007) Keseler, IM et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D334-7
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 EcoGene: Rudd, KE (2000) EcoGene: a genome sequence database for Escherichia coli K-12. Nucleic Acids Res 28:60-4.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 CGSC: The Coli Genetics Stock Center
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 The Tn10 insertion sites determined by Nichols et al. 1998 (PMID:9829956) were reannotated by alignment with E. coli K-12 genome sequence (GenBank accession NC_000913). P1 contransduction frequencies were calculated using the formula of Wu (PMID:5338813).

hcaE:On One Page

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Notes

Gene

Nomenclature

Notes

Location(s) and DNA Sequence

Notes

Sequence Features

Notes

Alleles and Phenotypes

Notes

Genetic Interactions

Notes

Genetic Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Product(s)

Nomenclature

Notes

Function

Notes

Localization

Notes

Structure and Physical Properties

Structure figures

Notes

Gene Product Resources

Notes

Accessions in Other Databases

Notes

Links

Expression

Overview

Cellular Levels

Notes

Transcription and Transcriptional Regulation

Notes

Translation and Regulation of Translation

Notes

Turnover and Regulation of Turnover

Notes

Experimental

Notes

Accessions Related to hcaE Expression

Notes

Links

Evolution

Homologs in Other Organisms

Do-It-Yourself Web Tools

Notes

Families

Notes

Links

References

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