Phage PRD1

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This page is currently under construction, and much of the information is currently just a placeholder- it may not apply to PRD1 at all.


Bacteriophage PRD1 is a member of the Tectiviridae family[1] and is closely related to the other lipid-containing phages PR3, PR4, PR5, and L17[2]. It is a plasmid-dependent phage that has been shown to infect a variety of gram-negative hosts, including Escherichia coli, with the requirement that hosts contain incompatibility group plasmids P, W, or N[3]. Notably, PRD1 has 110 bp inverted terminal repeats[4] and a covalently bound terminal protein on the 5' ends[5] of the 14,927bp genome.

The full sequence is available from NCBI as NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_001421.2


Morphology

Phage PRD1, like the other Tectiviridae, has an inflexible icosahedral protein structure surrounding a lipid membrane[1]. The linear dsDNA is contained inside this lipid-protein vesicle[6]. The phage has a molecular mass of about 66x106 Da; by weight it is 15% DNA, 15% lipid, and the remaining weight is due to protein content[7]. About half of the flexible inner membrane is made of host lipids[1]; the rest of the vesicle consists of viral proteins[8]. The phage capsid is about 65.5 nm, measured as the diameter between two parallel edges, with a maximum diameter of 69.8nm when measured between vertices[1].

The rigid coat is comprised mainly of the 43.1 kDa[9] protein P3, which forms 240 trimeric units with 6-fold symmetry[10] arranged in β-sheets[11]. A single face of the icosahedron contains 12 copies of the trimeric P3 in a pseudo T=25 lattice[1]. The capsid also contains the 34.3 kDa [9]P5 as the minor coat protein[10], and pentamers of the 13.7kDa P31 form the vertices[12]. The major and minor proteins contribute to the formation of a spike structure at the 12 vertices[12][13]. With P31, the minor coat protein P5 forms an adaptor complex and anchors P2 to form the spike[13]. Protein P2 is required for adsorption to the host, and likely only exists as a single monomer at the distal end of the spike[14][13].

One study has shown the viral capsid can possess a membranous tail 140 Å in diameter that does not seem to be necessary for infection[12].

Genome Organization

159192286 on NCBI

<gbrowseImage> name=NC_001421:1..14927 source=bacteriophage_PRD1 width=800 type=Genes </gbrowseImage>


PRD1 has a linear, 14927 bp genome of DNA. There are

There are 11 genes encoded on the genome; two are overlapping in-frame genes. Five of the encoded proteins make up the viron, three are needed for synthesis and the rest are for assembly. [15] The genes are generally referred to by Roman numerals I-XI as listed on the Phage f1 page. Genes are in the order II (X), V, VII, IX, VIII, III, VI, I (XI), IV, intergenic region (IG or IGR). [1] The IGR contains the packing signal (PS) as well as sequences that dictate termination, nicking for replication, and the binding of protein II and IHF. [1]

Life cycle

Adsorption and Injection

DNA replication

PMID:8331725


Packaging

Lysis

See also

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Edited by Richard Calendar (2006) The Bacteriophages (Oxford University Press, Oxford, NY) ISBN 0-19-514850-9
  2. ↑ Bamford, DH et al. (1981) Comparison of the lipid-containing bacteriophages PRD1, PR3, PR4, PR5 and L17. J. Gen. Virol. 57 365-73 PubMed
  3. ↑ Olsen, RH et al. (1974) Characteristics of PRD1, a plasmid-dependent broad host range DNA bacteriophage. J. Virol. 14 689-99 PubMed
  4. ↑ Pakula, TM et al. (1990) Characterization of a DNA binding protein of bacteriophage PRD1 involved in DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 6553-7 PubMed
  5. ↑ Bamford, D et al. (1983) Identification of a protein bound to the termini of bacteriophage PRD1 DNA. J. Virol. 47 311-6 PubMed
  6. ↑ Bamford, JK et al. (1991) Genome organization of membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1. Virology 183 658-76 PubMed
  7. ↑ Bamford, DH et al. (1995) Bacteriophage PRD1: a broad host range DSDNA tectivirus with an internal membrane. Adv. Virus Res. 45 281-319 PubMed
  8. ↑ Rydman, PS & Bamford, DH (2002) The lytic enzyme of bacteriophage PRD1 is associated with the viral membrane. J. Bacteriol. 184 104-10 PubMed
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bamford, JK & Bamford, DH (1990) Capsomer proteins of bacteriophage PRD1, a bacterial virus with a membrane. Virology 177 445-51 PubMed
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Butcher, SJ et al. (1995) DNA packaging orders the membrane of bacteriophage PRD1. EMBO J. 14 6078-86 PubMed
  11. ↑ Bamford, DH et al. (1990) Structural study of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PRD1 and its capsid and DNA components by laser Raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry 29 5982-7 PubMed
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Rydman, PS et al. (1999) Bacteriophage PRD1 contains a labile receptor-binding structure at each vertex. J. Mol. Biol. 291 575-87 PubMed
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Caldentey, J et al. (2000) Assembly of bacteriophage PRD1 spike complex: role of the multidomain protein P5. Biochemistry 39 10566-73 PubMed
  14. ↑ Grahn, AM et al. (1999) Stable packaging of phage PRD1 DNA requires adsorption protein P2, which binds to the IncP plasmid-encoded conjugative transfer complex. J. Bacteriol. 181 6689-96 PubMed
  15. ↑ Russel, M et al. (1997) Filamentous phage assembly: variation on a protein export theme. Gene 192 23-32 PubMed
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