Phage PRD1: Difference between revisions
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Bacteriophage PRD1 is a member of the ''Tectiviridae'' family<ref name='LIB:Bacteriophages'/> and is closely related to the other lipid-containing phages PR3, PR4, PR5, and L17 | Bacteriophage PRD1 is a member of the ''Tectiviridae'' family<ref name='LIB:Bacteriophages'/> and is closely related to the other lipid-containing phages PR3, PR4, PR5, and L17<ref name='PMID:7320707'/>. It is a plasmid-dependent phage that has been shown to infect a variety of gram-negative hosts, including Escherichia coli, with the requirement that hosts contain incompatibility group plasmids P, W, or N<ref name='PMID:4211861'/>. Notably, PRD1 has 110 bp inverted terminal repeats<ref name='PMID:2251117'/> and a covalently bound terminal protein on the 5' ends<ref name='PMID:6620455'/> of the 14,927bp genome. | ||
The full sequence is available from NCBI as [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/159192286 NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_001421.2] | The full sequence is available from NCBI as [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/159192286 NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_001421.2] | ||
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== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
Phage PRD1, like the other ''Tectiviridae'', has an inflexible icosahedral protein structure surrounding a lipid membrane | Phage PRD1, like the other ''Tectiviridae'', has an inflexible icosahedral protein structure surrounding a lipid membrane<ref name='LIB:Bacteriophages'/>. Inside the lipid-protein vesicle is the linear strand of DNA.<ref name='PMID:1853567'/> The phage has a molecular mass of about 66x10<sup>6</sup> Da; by weight it is 15% DNA, 15% lipid, and the remaining weight is due to protein content<ref name='PMID:11591347'/>. The phage capsid is about 65.5 nm, measured as the diameter between two parallel edges, with a maximum diameter of 69.8nm when measured between vertices<ref name='LIB:Bacteriophages'/>. | ||
The rigid coat is comprised mainly of 240 copies of the 43.1 kDa<ref name=PMID:2196741'/> protein P3, which exist as trimers with 6-fold symmetry<ref name='PMID:8557027'/> arranged in β-sheets<ref name='PMID:2383568'/>. A single face of the icosahedron contains 12 copies of the trimeric P3 in a pseudo T=25 lattice<ref name='LIB:Bacteriophages'/>. The 34.3 kDa <ref name=PMID:2196741'/>P5 forms the vertices of the capsid<ref name='PMID:8557027'/>. | |||
The rigid coat is comprised mainly of 240 copies of the | |||
Revision as of 18:02, 13 June 2013
This page is currently under construction, and much of the information is currently just a placeholder- it may not apply to PRD1 at all.
Bacteriophage PRD1 is a member of the Tectiviridae family[1] and is closely related to the other lipid-containing phages PR3, PR4, PR5, and L17[2]. It is a plasmid-dependent phage that has been shown to infect a variety of gram-negative hosts, including Escherichia coli, with the requirement that hosts contain incompatibility group plasmids P, W, or N[3]. Notably, PRD1 has 110 bp inverted terminal repeats[4] and a covalently bound terminal protein on the 5' ends[5] of the 14,927bp genome.
The full sequence is available from NCBI as NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_001421.2
Morphology
Phage PRD1, like the other Tectiviridae, has an inflexible icosahedral protein structure surrounding a lipid membrane[1]. Inside the lipid-protein vesicle is the linear strand of DNA.[6] The phage has a molecular mass of about 66x106 Da; by weight it is 15% DNA, 15% lipid, and the remaining weight is due to protein content[7]. The phage capsid is about 65.5 nm, measured as the diameter between two parallel edges, with a maximum diameter of 69.8nm when measured between vertices[1].
The rigid coat is comprised mainly of 240 copies of the 43.1 kDa[8] protein P3, which exist as trimers with 6-fold symmetry[9] arranged in β-sheets[10]. A single face of the icosahedron contains 12 copies of the trimeric P3 in a pseudo T=25 lattice[1]. The 34.3 kDa [8]P5 forms the vertices of the capsid[9].
The thousands of identical major coat proteins that make up the sheath are slightly curved, enlongated proteins about 70 Å by 10 Å and are arranged in an α-helix. [5] [6] These sheath proteins slightly overlap and are oriented just slightly off of perpendicular (20°) to the length of the filament; they are interdigitated and slope radially (with a 5-fold rotation axis and 2-fold helical axis) to form a fishscale-like coating for the DNA core. [1] [5]
The ends of the filament are sealed with protein caps. The end that is extruded first appears blunt and contains 3-5 copies of each pVII and pIX, while about 5 copies each of pIII and pVI seal off the terminally extruded end and give it a bead-like appearance.[1] [2]
The λ phage has an icosahedral head (with T=7) about 50-60 nm in diameter, and a flexible, long noncontractile tail about 150nm in length.[8][7][9][10] The head is formed from the proteins E, D, B, W, FII, B*, X1, and X2. [11] The head is the capsid, and contains a single double-stranded DNA molecule about 48 kb in length; by weight the genome is about 32x106 Da and comprises about half of the phage's weight.[8] The tail consists of a 135nm hollow tube finished with a 15nm conical cap.[8] The inside diameter of the tail is about 3nm, with an outside diameter of 9-18nm due to knob-like structures that make the tail appear rough.[8] The wt λ does not have tail fibers, although these may be present on certain strains.[7]
Genome Organization
<gbrowseImage> name=NC_001421:1..14927 source=bacteriophage_PRD1 width=800 type=Genes </gbrowseImage>
PRD1 has a linear, 14927 bp genome of DNA. There are
There are 11 genes encoded on the genome; two are overlapping in-frame genes. Five of the encoded proteins make up the viron, three are needed for synthesis and the rest are for assembly. [11] The genes are generally referred to by Roman numerals I-XI as listed on the Phage f1 page. Genes are in the order II (X), V, VII, IX, VIII, III, VI, I (XI), IV, intergenic region (IG or IGR). [1] The IGR contains the packing signal (PS) as well as sequences that dictate termination, nicking for replication, and the binding of protein II and IHF. [1]
Life cycle
Adsorption and Injection
DNA replication
PMID:8331725
Packaging
Lysis
See also
- Phage f1 Gene List
- Phage M13
- J02448 on NCBI
- Phage f1 taxonomy on NCBI
- International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
References
See Help:References for how to manage references in EcoliWiki.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Edited by Richard Calendar (2006) The Bacteriophages (Oxford University Press, Oxford, NY) ISBN 0-19-514850-9
- ↑ Bamford, DH et al. (1981) Comparison of the lipid-containing bacteriophages PRD1, PR3, PR4, PR5 and L17. J. Gen. Virol. 57 365-73 PubMed
- ↑ Olsen, RH et al. (1974) Characteristics of PRD1, a plasmid-dependent broad host range DNA bacteriophage. J. Virol. 14 689-99 PubMed
- ↑ Pakula, TM et al. (1990) Characterization of a DNA binding protein of bacteriophage PRD1 involved in DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 18 6553-7 PubMed
- ↑ Bamford, D et al. (1983) Identification of a protein bound to the termini of bacteriophage PRD1 DNA. J. Virol. 47 311-6 PubMed
- ↑ Bamford, JK et al. (1991) Genome organization of membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1. Virology 183 658-76 PubMed
- ↑ Martín, CS et al. (2001) Combined EM/X-ray imaging yields a quasi-atomic model of the adenovirus-related bacteriophage PRD1 and shows key capsid and membrane interactions. Structure 9 917-30 PubMed
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Bamford, JK & Bamford, DH (1990) Capsomer proteins of bacteriophage PRD1, a bacterial virus with a membrane. Virology 177 445-51 PubMed
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Butcher, SJ et al. (1995) DNA packaging orders the membrane of bacteriophage PRD1. EMBO J. 14 6078-86 PubMed
- ↑ Bamford, DH et al. (1990) Structural study of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PRD1 and its capsid and DNA components by laser Raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry 29 5982-7 PubMed
- ↑ Russel, M et al. (1997) Filamentous phage assembly: variation on a protein export theme. Gene 192 23-32 PubMed