DNA Replication

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General Description

Components

The catalytic core of DNA Polymerase consists of 3 proteins: xx. The fully functional holoenzyme consists of around ten separate components:

Function

Regulation

Cell Biology

Replication of the circular E.coli chromosome occurs bidirectionally from oriC.

There are several models for replication:

After replication, the daughter chromosomes must be segregated using various mechanisms.


Replication Fork Stalling
There are several reasons for a halt in the progression of the replication fork:

  • There are other proteins on the DNA
  • There are also natural pause sites in the DNA where the replicase pauses for one reason or another. \
  • DNA is damaged (this will lead to the induction of the SOS response)

Experimental Resources

Comparison with other organisms

GONUTS page for DNA Replication

Notes

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There are several models explaining how DNA segregates as it's replicated:

  • Extrusion Capture Model- DNA is fed from the centrally located holoenzyme to the poles after replication[4][5][6]
  • Sister Chromosome Cohesion Model- sister chromosomes are paired after replication and separated some time afterwards[7][8][9]

References

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  1. ↑ Dingman, CW (1974) Bidirectional chromosome replication: some topological considerations. J. Theor. Biol. 43 187-95 PubMed
  2. ↑ Lemon, KP & Grossman, AD (1998) Localization of bacterial DNA polymerase: evidence for a factory model of replication. Science 282 1516-9 PubMed
  3. ↑ Lemon, KP & Grossman, AD (2000) Movement of replicating DNA through a stationary replisome. Mol. Cell 6 1321-30 PubMed
  4. ↑ Lemon, KP & Grossman, AD (2001) The extrusion-capture model for chromosome partitioning in bacteria. Genes Dev. 15 2031-41 PubMed
  5. ↑ Roos, M et al. (2001) The replicated ftsQAZ and minB chromosomal regions of Escherichia coli segregate on average in line with nucleoid movement. Mol. Microbiol. 39 633-40 PubMed
  6. ↑ Li, Y et al. (2002) The segregation of the Escherichia coli origin and terminus of replication. Mol. Microbiol. 46 985-96 PubMed
  7. ↑ Hiraga, S et al. (2000) Bidirectional migration of SeqA-bound hemimethylated DNA clusters and pairing of oriC copies in Escherichia coli. Genes Cells 5 327-41 PubMed
  8. ↑ Sunako, Y et al. (2001) Sister chromosome cohesion of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 42 1233-41 PubMed
  9. ↑ Bates, D & Kleckner, N (2005) Chromosome and replisome dynamics in E. coli: loss of sister cohesion triggers global chromosome movement and mediates chromosome segregation. Cell 121 899-911 PubMed
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