PMID:20375161
| Citation |
Fogg, PC, Allison, HE, Saunders, JR and McCarthy, AJ (2010) Bacteriophage lambda: a paradigm revisited. J. Virol. 84:6876-9 |
|---|---|
| Abstract |
Bacteriophage lambda has an archetypal immunity system, which prevents the superinfection of its Escherichia coli lysogens. It is now known that superinfection can occur with toxigenic lambda-like phages at a high frequency, and here we demonstrate that the superinfection of a lambda lysogen can lead to the acquisition of additional lambda genomes, which was confirmed by Southern hybridization and quantitative PCR. As many as eight integration events were observed but at a very low frequency (6.4 x 10(-4)) and always as multiple insertions at the established primary integration site in E. coli. Sequence analysis of the complete immunity region demonstrated that these multiply infected lysogens were not immunity mutants. In conclusion, although lambda superinfection immunity can be confounded, it is a rare event. |
| Links |
PubMed PMC2903274 Online version:10.1128/JVI.02177-09 |
| Keywords |
Amino Acid Sequence; Bacteriophage lambda/growth & development; Bacteriophage lambda/physiology; Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; DNA, Bacterial/genetics; DNA, Viral/genetics; Escherichia coli/virology; Lysogeny/genetics; Lysogeny/physiology; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prophages/growth & development; Prophages/physiology; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Superinfection; Virus Integration |
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Significance
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This paper is significant to the study of bacteriophage lambda and closely related phages because it demonstrates that immunity to superinfection in lambda is not absolute [1], though the mechanism for this is likely not via integrase mediated site specific recombination but rather homologous recombination within the resident prophage. This is in stark contrast to other bacteriophages deemed to be lambdoid (Stx-phages), which can actively promote integration of superinfecting phages into distinct sites throughout the genome at high frequencies [2] [3] [4]. Therefore, the assumption that all lambdoid phages must exactly abide by the canonical rules, based on lambda itself, is unfounded.
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References
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- ↑ Mark Ptashne. A genetic switch. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2004. isbn:0879697164.
- ↑ Fogg, PC et al. (2007) Identification of multiple integration sites for Stx-phage Phi24B in the Escherichia coli genome, description of a novel integrase and evidence for a functional anti-repressor. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) 153 4098-110 PubMed
- ↑ Allison, HE et al. (2003) Immunity profiles of wild-type and recombinant shiga-like toxin-encoding bacteriophages and characterization of novel double lysogens. Infect. Immun. 71 3409-18 PubMed
- ↑ Serra-Moreno, R et al. (2008) The CI repressors of Shiga toxin-converting prophages are involved in coinfection of Escherichia coli strains, which causes a down regulation in the production of Shiga toxin 2. J. Bacteriol. 190 4722-35 PubMed