PMID:15736934

Citation	Priestman, MA, Healy, ML, Becker, A, Alberg, DG, Bartlett, PA, Lushington, GH and Schönbrunn, E (2005) Interaction of phosphonate analogues of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate with 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in atomic detail. Biochemistry 44:3241-8
Abstract	The enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) catalyzes the penultimate step of the shikimate pathway and is the target of the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate. Since the functionality of the shikimate pathway is vital not only for plants but also for microorganisms, EPSPS is considered a prospective target for the development of novel antibiotics. We have kinetically analyzed and determined the crystal structures of Escherichia coli EPSPS inhibited by (R)- and (S)-configured phosphonate analogues of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate. Both diastereomers are competitive inhibitors with respect to the substrates of the EPSPS reaction, shikimate-3-phosphate (S3P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Remarkably, the (S)-phosphonate (K(iS3P) = 750 nM), whose configuration corresponds to that of the genuine tetrahedral intermediate, is a much weaker inhibitor than the (R)-phosphonate analogue (K(iS3P) = 16 nM). The crystal structures of EPSPS liganded with the (S)- and (R)-phosphonates, at 1.5 and 1.9 A resolution, respectively, revealed that binding of the (R)-phosphonate induces conformational changes of the strictly conserved residues Arg124 and Glu341 within the active site. This appears to give rise to substantial structural alterations in the amino-terminal globular domain of the enzyme. By contrast, binding of the (S)-phosphonate renders the enzyme structure unchanged. Thus, EPSPS may facilitate the tight binding of structurally diverse ligands through conformational flexibility. Molecular docking calculations did not explain why the (R)-phosphonate is the better inhibitor. Therefore, we propose that the structural events during the open-closed transition of EPSPS are altered as a result of inhibitor action.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1021/bi048198d
Keywords	3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/antagonists & inhibitors; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/chemistry; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/metabolism; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism; Escherichia coli Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism; Kinetics; Ligands; Organophosphonates/chemistry; Organophosphonates/metabolism; Protein Conformation; Stereoisomerism; Thermodynamics
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