PMID:12415300

Citation	Davey, MJ, Jeruzalmi, D, Kuriyan, J and O'Donnell, M (2002) Motors and switches: AAA+ machines within the replisome. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3:826-35
Abstract	Clamp loaders are required to load the ring-shaped clamps that tether replicative DNA polymerases onto DNA. Recently solved crystal structures, along with a series of biochemical studies, have provided a detailed understanding of the clamp loading reaction. In particular, studies of the Escherichia coli clamp loader--an AAA+ machine--have provided insights into the architecture of clamp loaders from eukaryotes, bacteriophage T4 and archaea. Other AAA+ proteins are also involved in the initiation of DNA replication, and studies of the E. coli clamp loader indicate mechanisms by which these proteins might function.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1038/nrm949
Keywords	Archaea/physiology; Bacterial Proteins/physiology; Bacteriophages/physiology; DNA Replication/physiology; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/physiology; Escherichia coli/physiology; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology; Humans; Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology; Origin Recognition Complex; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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