Category:Complex:ATP synthase: Difference between revisions
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ATP Synthase is the central | ATP Synthase (aka F<sub>O</sub>F<sub>1</sub>-ATP synthase or F-type ATPase) is one of the central enzymes in energy metabolism for most organisms. It is a membrane protein found in the inner membrane of mitochondria, the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane of bacteria. Structurally ATP synthase is composed of two portions: hydrophobic membrane-embedded F<sub>O</sub> and hydrophilic F<sub>1</sub> that protrudes by approximately 10 nm from the membrane plane. | ||
In most organisms including E. coli ATP synthase uses energy stored in a proton gradient to make ATP from ADP + P<sub>i</sub>. In some other bacteria, e.g. <i>Propionigenium modestum</i> or <i>Iliobacter tartaricus</i> sodium ion gradient energy is used. | |||
"Proton translocation and ATP synthesis (or hydrolysis) are coupled by a unique mechanism, subunit rotation. Electrochemical energy contained in the proton gradient is converted into mechanical energy in form of subunit rotation, and back into chemical energy as ATP". <ref name='PMID:16730323'/> <br clear ='all'/> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 09:18, 10 September 2009
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ATP Synthase (aka FOF1-ATP synthase or F-type ATPase) is one of the central enzymes in energy metabolism for most organisms. It is a membrane protein found in the inner membrane of mitochondria, the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane of bacteria. Structurally ATP synthase is composed of two portions: hydrophobic membrane-embedded FO and hydrophilic F1 that protrudes by approximately 10 nm from the membrane plane.
In most organisms including E. coli ATP synthase uses energy stored in a proton gradient to make ATP from ADP + Pi. In some other bacteria, e.g. Propionigenium modestum or Iliobacter tartaricus sodium ion gradient energy is used.
"Proton translocation and ATP synthesis (or hydrolysis) are coupled by a unique mechanism, subunit rotation. Electrochemical energy contained in the proton gradient is converted into mechanical energy in form of subunit rotation, and back into chemical energy as ATP". [1]
References
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